{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v2",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:spinosaurus",
  "genus": "Spinosaurus",
  "generated_at": "2026-10-12T10:16:43Z",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-12",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Spinosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Stromer 1915",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Spinosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Spinosaurini",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        125.77,
        72.2,
        "Barremian",
        "Campanian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        125.77,
        93.9
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "DZ",
        "EG",
        "MA",
        "NE",
        "TN"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Aïn el Guettar",
        "Baharîje",
        "Continental Intercalaire",
        "Douira",
        "Echkar",
        "Farak",
        "Gara Samani",
        "Gara Sbaa",
        "Grès rouges",
        "Ifezouane",
        "Kem Kem Beds",
        "Quseir"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": [
        "es:espinosaurio",
        "ja:スピノサウルス",
        "zh:棘龍"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": [
        "Lacertilia",
        "vertebral column"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 27 confirmed PBDB records.",
        "3 record(s) identified only to genus, dated well outside the species-level records, were set aside as doubtful."
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "named_after": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "DZ",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (4 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "EG",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (5 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "MA",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "NE",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (5 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "TN",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (3 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Aïn el Guettar",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Baharîje",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (3 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Continental Intercalaire",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Douira",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Echkar",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (3 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Farak",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Gara Samani",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Gara Sbaa",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Grès rouges",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Ifezouane",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (5 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Kem Kem Beds",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "editor",
          "reasons": [
            "An Omnisaura editor ruled on it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Quseir",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 14,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.' or '?')"
      },
      {
        "records": "specimens",
        "status": "higher_rank_only",
        "count": 8,
        "reason": "NHM specimens identified only to a broader group, not to this genus"
      },
      {
        "records": "specimens",
        "status": "related_other_genus",
        "count": 1,
        "reason": "NHM specimens identified as a related genus"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Spinosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 3245,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 228,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 47,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 129,
        "title": "File:FSAC-KK-11888.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/FSAC-KK-11888.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FSAC-KK-11888.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "3blindMies",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "3blindMies (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FSAC-KK-11888.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 130,
        "title": "File:Spinosaurus Model (2).png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Spinosaurus_Model_%282%29.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_Model_(2).png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Petr Menshikov (https://twitter.com/Petr75113553; https://vk.com/prehistoricproduction)",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Petr Menshikov (https://twitter.com/Petr75113553; https://vk.com/prehistoricproduction) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_Model_(2).png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 131,
        "title": "File:Spinosaurus in Japan Expo.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Spinosaurus_in_Japan_Expo.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_in_Japan_Expo.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "★Kumiko★",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "★Kumiko★ (https://www.flickr.com/photos/kmkmks/27388394090/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_in_Japan_Expo.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 132,
        "title": "File:Spinosaurus new skull.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Spinosaurus_new_skull.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_new_skull.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Mike Bowler from Canada",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Mike Bowler from Canada (Spinosaurus), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_new_skull.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 133,
        "title": "File:Spinosaurus skull steveoc.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Spinosaurus_skull_steveoc.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_skull_steveoc.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Steveoc 86",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.5",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.5",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Steveoc 86 (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_skull_steveoc.jpg)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 8,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 131
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Spinosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 8 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (5)\n- “File:FSAC-KK-11888.jpg” (Taxon image): 3blindMies (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FSAC-KK-11888.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Spinosaurus Model (2).png” (Taxon image): Petr Menshikov (https://twitter.com/Petr75113553; https://vk.com/prehistoricproduction) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_Model_(2).png). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Spinosaurus in Japan Expo.jpg” (Taxon image): ★Kumiko★ (https://www.flickr.com/photos/kmkmks/27388394090/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_in_Japan_Expo.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Spinosaurus new skull.jpg” (Taxon image): Mike Bowler from Canada (Spinosaurus), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_new_skull.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n- “File:Spinosaurus skull steveoc.jpg” (Taxon image): Steveoc 86 (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_skull_steveoc.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n131 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "E. Stromer (1915). Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen., nov. spec. Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse Abhandlung 28(3): 1–31.",
    "authors": "E. Stromer",
    "year": 1915,
    "title": "Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen., nov. spec",
    "publication": "Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse Abhandlung",
    "volume": "28",
    "issue": "3",
    "pages": "1–31",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Stromer 1915), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "7054"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Spinosaurus, Stromer 1915\n\n- Named by: Stromer 1915 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Spinosauridae (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Spinosaurini (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Type species: Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Barremian to Campanian, 125.77–72.2 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 125.77–93.9 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 27 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Morocco (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Algeria (medium: only PBDB records it (4 records)); Egypt (medium: only PBDB records it (5 records)); Niger (medium: only PBDB records it (5 records)); Tunisia (medium: only PBDB records it (3 records)).\n- Rock formations: Kem Kem Beds (high: an Omnisaura editor ruled on it); Aïn el Guettar (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Baharîje (medium: only PBDB records it (3 records)); Douira (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Echkar (medium: only PBDB records it (3 records)); Farak (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Grès rouges (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Ifezouane (medium: only PBDB records it (5 records)); Quseir (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Continental Intercalaire (low: only one PBDB record); Gara Samani (low: only one PBDB record); Gara Sbaa (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: E. Stromer (1915). Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen., nov. spec. Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse Abhandlung 28(3): 1–31. (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Stromer 1915), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Common names: espinosaurio, スピノサウルス, 棘龍 (medium confidence: only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- 23 fossil record(s) left out because their identification is uncertain.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: diet, size, weight, appearance or behaviour. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}