{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v2",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:paronychodon",
  "genus": "Paronychodon",
  "generated_at": "2026-10-12T10:16:43Z",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-12",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Paronychodon",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Cope 1876",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": "Paronychodon lacustris",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Paraves",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        154.8,
        66.0,
        "Kimmeridgian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        100.5,
        66.0
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "CA",
        "PT",
        "RO",
        "US",
        "UZ"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Argilas de Aveiro",
        "Bissekty",
        "Cedar Mountain",
        "Densuș-Ciula",
        "Dinosaur Park",
        "Ferris",
        "Foremost",
        "Fruitland",
        "Fruitland/Kirtland",
        "Hell Creek Formation",
        "Horseshoe Canyon",
        "Judith River Formation",
        "Khodzhakul",
        "Kirtland",
        "Lance Formation",
        "Mesaverde",
        "Milk River",
        "Oldman",
        "Râul Mare",
        "Sînpetru",
        "Two Medicine",
        "Williams Fork"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 107 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "CA",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (44 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "PT",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "RO",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (3 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "UZ",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (7 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Argilas de Aveiro",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Bissekty",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (5 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Cedar Mountain",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Densuș-Ciula",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Dinosaur Park",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (14 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Ferris",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (5 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Foremost",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Fruitland",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Fruitland/Kirtland",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Hell Creek Formation",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (28 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Horseshoe Canyon",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (3 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Judith River Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Khodzhakul",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Kirtland",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Lance Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Mesaverde",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Milk River",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (9 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Oldman",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (16 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Râul Mare",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Sînpetru",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Two Medicine",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Williams Fork",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 34,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.' or '?')"
      },
      {
        "records": "specimens",
        "status": "higher_rank_only",
        "count": 1,
        "reason": "NHM specimens identified only to a broader group, not to this genus"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Hell Creek",
      "same_as": "Hell Creek Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Judith River",
      "same_as": "Judith River Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Lance",
      "same_as": "Lance Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Paronychodon",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 5829,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 67,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 25,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 3002,
        "title": "File:Paronychodon.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Paronychodon.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paronychodon.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Thomas E. Williamson, Stephen L. Brusatte",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.5",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.5",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Thomas E. Williamson, Stephen L. Brusatte (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0093190), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paronychodon.png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 3001,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0193",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0b7f7c7f-9e7f-4321-b015-cac1f1d4d8d6",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8401",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0b7f7c7f-9e7f-4321-b015-cac1f1d4d8d6)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 1,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 137
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Paronychodon: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 11 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 11 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 1 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (2)\n- “File:Paronychodon.png” (Taxon image): Thomas E. Williamson, Stephen L. Brusatte (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0093190), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paronychodon.png). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0193” (specimen PV R 8401): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0b7f7c7f-9e7f-4321-b015-cac1f1d4d8d6). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n137 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "E. D. Cope (1876). Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 28: 248–261.",
    "authors": "E. D. Cope",
    "year": 1876,
    "title": "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana",
    "publication": "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia",
    "volume": "28",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "248–261",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Cope 1876), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "15650"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Paronychodon, Cope 1876\n\n- Named by: Cope 1876 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Paraves (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Type species: Paronychodon lacustris (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Kimmeridgian to Maastrichtian, 154.8–66 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 100.5–66 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 107 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United States (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Canada (medium: only PBDB records it (44 records)); Romania (medium: only PBDB records it (3 records)); Uzbekistan (medium: only PBDB records it (7 records)); Portugal (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Rock formations: Lance Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Bissekty (medium: only PBDB records it (5 records)); Cedar Mountain (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Dinosaur Park (medium: only PBDB records it (14 records)); Ferris (medium: only PBDB records it (5 records)); Foremost (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Fruitland (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Hell Creek Formation (medium: only PBDB records it (28 records)); Horseshoe Canyon (medium: only PBDB records it (3 records)); Khodzhakul (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Mesaverde (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Milk River (medium: only PBDB records it (9 records)); Oldman (medium: only PBDB records it (16 records)); Argilas de Aveiro (low: only one PBDB record); Densuș-Ciula (low: only one PBDB record); Fruitland/Kirtland (low: only one PBDB record); Judith River Formation (low: only one PBDB record); Kirtland (low: only one PBDB record); Râul Mare (low: only one PBDB record); Sînpetru (low: only one PBDB record); Two Medicine (low: only one PBDB record); Williams Fork (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: E. D. Cope (1876). Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 28: 248–261. (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Cope 1876), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Family: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 35 fossil record(s) left out because their identification is uncertain.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: diet, size, weight, appearance or behaviour. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}