{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v2",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:deinocheirus",
  "genus": "Deinocheirus",
  "generated_at": "2026-10-12T10:16:43Z",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-12",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Deinocheirus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Kielan-Jaworowska 1969",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Deinocheiridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Deinocheiridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        100.5,
        66.0,
        "Cenomanian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        72.2,
        66.0
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "MN"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Nemegt"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "disputed",
      "reasons": [
        "Sources disagree and an editor has not ruled yet."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 4 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "MN",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (4 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Nemegt",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (4 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "note": "The sources give different values.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": "Kielan-Jaworowska 1969"
          },
          {
            "source": "Wikidata",
            "source_id": "wikidata",
            "value": "Halszka Osmólska, 1970"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 1,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.' or '?')"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Deinocheirus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 901,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 26,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 25,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 2592,
        "title": "File:Deinocheirus Restoration.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Deinocheirus_Restoration.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deinocheirus_Restoration.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "PaleoNeolitic",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "PaleoNeolitic (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deinocheirus_Restoration.png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2593,
        "title": "File:Deinocheirus mirificus.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Deinocheirus_mirificus.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deinocheirus_mirificus.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Ryan Somma",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Ryan Somma (Deinocheirus mirificus), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deinocheirus_mirificus.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2585,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0413",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10052",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2586,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus arms on exhibit in the dinosaur gallery",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/85587b7f-dc47-47de-8442-20b6ec03338d",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10052",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/85587b7f-dc47-47de-8442-20b6ec03338d)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2588,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus in galery viewed obliquely",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a8c3ec7e-997c-4ccf-8ab8-d41cefdbee9c",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10052",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a8c3ec7e-997c-4ccf-8ab8-d41cefdbee9c)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2587,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus in gallery viewed from below",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/042dc4df-ff02-4b7f-8ee7-ac279854ccf3",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10052",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/042dc4df-ff02-4b7f-8ee7-ac279854ccf3)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2589,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus label in 2025",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/70f39c89-7db3-434f-a5c0-4d75b3534461",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10052",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/70f39c89-7db3-434f-a5c0-4d75b3534461)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2590,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus on display below",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9fc76937-ca64-412f-b380-75babf6fc330",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10052",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9fc76937-ca64-412f-b380-75babf6fc330)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2591,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus on display side right",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/93dc5aab-2512-4d26-9615-dfddf4f0c990",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10052",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/93dc5aab-2512-4d26-9615-dfddf4f0c990)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": null,
    "references": 45
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Deinocheirus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\n### Images (9)\n- “File:Deinocheirus Restoration.png” (Taxon image): PaleoNeolitic (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deinocheirus_Restoration.png). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “File:Deinocheirus mirificus.jpg” (Taxon image): Ryan Somma (Deinocheirus mirificus), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deinocheirus_mirificus.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0413” (specimen PV R 10052): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus arms on exhibit in the dinosaur gallery” (specimen PV R 10052): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/85587b7f-dc47-47de-8442-20b6ec03338d). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus in galery viewed obliquely” (specimen PV R 10052): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a8c3ec7e-997c-4ccf-8ab8-d41cefdbee9c). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus in gallery viewed from below” (specimen PV R 10052): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/042dc4df-ff02-4b7f-8ee7-ac279854ccf3). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus label in 2025” (specimen PV R 10052): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/70f39c89-7db3-434f-a5c0-4d75b3534461). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus on display below” (specimen PV R 10052): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9fc76937-ca64-412f-b380-75babf6fc330). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 10052 Deinocheirus on display side right” (specimen PV R 10052): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/93dc5aab-2512-4d26-9615-dfddf4f0c990). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n45 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "Z. Kielan-Jaworowska (1969). Fossils from the Gobi desert. Science Journal 5(1): 32–38.",
    "authors": "Z. Kielan-Jaworowska",
    "year": 1969,
    "title": "Fossils from the Gobi desert",
    "publication": "Science Journal",
    "volume": "5",
    "issue": "1",
    "pages": "32–38",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Kielan-Jaworowska 1969)."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "63354"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Deinocheirus, Kielan-Jaworowska 1969\n\n- Named by: Kielan-Jaworowska 1969 (low confidence: sources disagree and an editor has not ruled yet).\n- Family: Deinocheiridae (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Deinocheiridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian, 100.5–66 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 72.2–66 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 4 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Mongolia (medium: only PBDB records it (4 records)).\n- Rock formations: Nemegt (medium: only PBDB records it (4 records)).\n- Original description: Z. Kielan-Jaworowska (1969). Fossils from the Gobi desert. Science Journal 5(1): 32–38. (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Kielan-Jaworowska 1969)).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Authority: sources disagree (PBDB says Kielan-Jaworowska 1969; Wikidata says Halszka Osmólska, 1970). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 1 fossil record(s) left out because their identification is uncertain.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: diet, size, weight, appearance or behaviour. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}