{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v2",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:daspletosaurus",
  "genus": "Daspletosaurus",
  "generated_at": "2026-10-12T10:16:43Z",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-12",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Daspletosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Russell 1970",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Tyrannosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Daspletosaurini",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        83.6,
        66.0,
        "Campanian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        83.6,
        72.2
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "CA",
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Belly River Series",
        "Dinosaur Park",
        "Judith River Formation",
        "Kirtland",
        "Mesaverde",
        "Oldman",
        "Two Medicine"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "disputed",
      "reasons": [
        "Sources disagree and an editor has not ruled yet."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 19 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "CA",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (9 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Belly River Series",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "Only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Dinosaur Park",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (5 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Judith River Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Kirtland",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Mesaverde",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Oldman",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (5 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Two Medicine",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (6 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "note": "The sources give different values.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": "Tyrannosauridae"
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Tyrannosaruidae"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "field": "formations",
        "label": "Formations",
        "note": "One source names a formation the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Belly River Series"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 2,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.' or '?')"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Judith River",
      "same_as": "Judith River Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Daspletosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 2182,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 37,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 25,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 2563,
        "title": "File:Daspletosaurus in Des Moines.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Daspletosaurus_in_Des_Moines.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_in_Des_Moines.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Jonathan Chen",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Jonathan Chen (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_in_Des_Moines.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2564,
        "title": "File:Daspletosaurus skull (1).jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Daspletosaurus_skull_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_skull_(1).jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Tim Evanson from Washington, D.C., United States of America",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Tim Evanson from Washington, D.C., United States of America (adult Daspletosaurus skull - Glacier County Montana - Museum of the Rockies - 2013-07-08 Uploaded by FunkMonk), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_skull_(1).jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2565,
        "title": "File:Daspletosaurus torosus steveoc.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Daspletosaurus_torosus_steveoc.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_torosus_steveoc.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Steveoc 86 at English Wikipedia",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-2.5",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Steveoc 86 at English Wikipedia (Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is/was here.), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_torosus_steveoc.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2566,
        "title": "File:Daspletosaurus wilsoni profile.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Daspletosaurus_wilsoni_profile.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_wilsoni_profile.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Stegotyranno",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Stegotyranno (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_wilsoni_profile.png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2561,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0457",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/66512685-69a3-45d1-8caf-19c9d79a20e9",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 4863",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/66512685-69a3-45d1-8caf-19c9d79a20e9)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2562,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 4863 right dentary",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/cabbf53a-792b-4659-abb7-324b9b4d5414",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 4863",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/cabbf53a-792b-4659-abb7-324b9b4d5414)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 1,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 92
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Daspletosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 1 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (6)\n- “File:Daspletosaurus in Des Moines.jpg” (Taxon image): Jonathan Chen (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_in_Des_Moines.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Daspletosaurus skull (1).jpg” (Taxon image): Tim Evanson from Washington, D.C., United States of America (adult Daspletosaurus skull - Glacier County Montana - Museum of the Rockies - 2013-07-08 Uploaded by FunkMonk), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_skull_(1).jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Daspletosaurus torosus steveoc.jpg” (Taxon image): Steveoc 86 at English Wikipedia (Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is/was here.), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_torosus_steveoc.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Daspletosaurus wilsoni profile.png” (Taxon image): Stegotyranno (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daspletosaurus_wilsoni_profile.png). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0457” (specimen PV R 4863): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/66512685-69a3-45d1-8caf-19c9d79a20e9). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 4863 right dentary” (specimen PV R 4863): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/cabbf53a-792b-4659-abb7-324b9b4d5414). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n92 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "D. A. Russell (1970). Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Paleontology 1: 1–34.",
    "authors": "D. A. Russell",
    "year": 1970,
    "title": "Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada",
    "publication": "National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Paleontology",
    "volume": "1",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "1–34",
    "doi": "10.1139/e72-031",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-031",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Russell 1970), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "4205"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Daspletosaurus, Russell 1970\n\n- Named by: Russell 1970 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Tyrannosauridae (low confidence: sources disagree and an editor has not ruled yet).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Daspletosaurini (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Campanian to Maastrichtian, 83.6–66 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 83.6–72.2 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 19 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Canada (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); United States (medium: only PBDB records it (9 records)).\n- Rock formations: Dinosaur Park (medium: only PBDB records it (5 records)); Oldman (medium: only PBDB records it (5 records)); Two Medicine (medium: only PBDB records it (6 records)); Belly River Series (low: only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor); Judith River Formation (low: only one PBDB record); Kirtland (low: only one PBDB record); Mesaverde (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: D. A. Russell (1970). Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Paleontology 1: 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-031 (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Russell 1970), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Family: sources disagree (PBDB says Tyrannosauridae; NHM says Tyrannosaruidae). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Formations: sources disagree (NHM says Belly River Series). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 2 fossil record(s) left out because their identification is uncertain.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: diet, size, weight, appearance or behaviour. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}