{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v2",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:apatosaurus",
  "genus": "Apatosaurus",
  "generated_at": "2026-10-12T10:16:43Z",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-12",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Apatosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Marsh 1877",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Diplodocidae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Apatosaurinae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        157.9,
        143.1,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        157.9,
        143.1
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Morrison Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": [
        "zh:迷惑龍"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 60 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Morrison Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 7,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.' or '?')"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Morrison",
      "same_as": "Morrison Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Apatosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 5353,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 153,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 30,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 657,
        "title": "File:Apatosaurus ajax skull.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Apatosaurus_ajax_skull.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus_ajax_skull.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "James St. John",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "James St. John (Apatosaurus ajax sauropod dinosaur (Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic; Emery County, Utah, USA) 1), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus_ajax_skull.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 658,
        "title": "File:Apatosaurus louisae by durbed.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Apatosaurus_louisae_by_durbed.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus_louisae_by_durbed.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Durbed",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Durbed (http://durbed.deviantart.com/art/Thunder-lizard-338805355), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus_louisae_by_durbed.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 656,
        "title": "File:Apatosaurus.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Apatosaurus.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Elika & Shannon",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Elika & Shannon (New York Trip (88)), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 659,
        "title": "File:Louisae.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Louisae.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louisae.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Tadek Kurpaski from London, Poland",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Tadek Kurpaski from London, Poland (sauropod Uploaded by FunkMonk), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louisae.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 654,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 3211",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 652,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 3212",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 653,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 3213",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 655,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 3214",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 651,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 3215",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 6,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 202
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Apatosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 6 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (9)\n- “File:Apatosaurus ajax skull.jpg” (Taxon image): James St. John (Apatosaurus ajax sauropod dinosaur (Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic; Emery County, Utah, USA) 1), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus_ajax_skull.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n- “File:Apatosaurus louisae by durbed.jpg” (Taxon image): Durbed (http://durbed.deviantart.com/art/Thunder-lizard-338805355), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus_louisae_by_durbed.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Apatosaurus.jpg” (Taxon image): Elika & Shannon (New York Trip (88)), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatosaurus.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n- “File:Louisae.jpg” (Taxon image): Tadek Kurpaski from London, Poland (sauropod Uploaded by FunkMonk), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louisae.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119” (specimen PV R 3211): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119” (specimen PV R 3212): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119” (specimen PV R 3213): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119” (specimen PV R 3214): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0119” (specimen PV R 3215): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/425aab7b-10cd-4d17-ba2e-d383d84c42b0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n202 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "O. C. Marsh (1877). Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation. American Journal of Science and Arts 14: 514–516.",
    "authors": "O. C. Marsh",
    "year": 1877,
    "title": "Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation",
    "publication": "American Journal of Science and Arts",
    "volume": "14",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "514–516",
    "doi": "10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.514",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.514",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1877), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "7811"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Apatosaurus, Marsh 1877\n\n- Named by: Marsh 1877 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Diplodocidae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Apatosaurinae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: 157.9–143.1 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 157.9–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 60 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United States (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Rock formations: Morrison Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Original description: O. C. Marsh (1877). Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation. American Journal of Science and Arts 14: 514–516. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.514 (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1877), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Common names: 迷惑龍 (medium confidence: only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 7 fossil record(s) left out because their identification is uncertain.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: diet, size, weight, appearance or behaviour. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}